GPS技術(shù)在公路工程測(cè)量中的分析及應(yīng)用
中國(guó)測(cè)試期刊
曹康健
（中山大學(xué)遙感與地理信息工程系，廣東 廣州 510275）
摘 要：以公路隧道施工GPS控制網(wǎng)的建立及測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)為例，在GPS控制測(cè)量的理論基礎(chǔ)上和相關(guān)技術(shù)規(guī)范條件下，論述隧道貫通新的測(cè)量方法。對(duì)該隧道GPS平面控制網(wǎng)進(jìn)行測(cè)量研究，介紹GPS測(cè)量中基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境控制網(wǎng)的建立與布網(wǎng)方法，在實(shí)施處理過程中通過對(duì)GPS定位、利用Ashtech Solutions進(jìn)行GPS數(shù)據(jù)采集后數(shù)據(jù)精度處理，來分析該技術(shù)在隧道貫通平面控制測(cè)量方面的實(shí)際應(yīng)用方法與過程，采用點(diǎn)觀測(cè)模式時(shí)，不同點(diǎn)必須采用不同基線、同步環(huán)和異步環(huán)的數(shù)據(jù)檢驗(yàn)，在算法上采用約束平差進(jìn)行誤差分析與計(jì)算。該法在使用便捷和測(cè)量精度上比傳統(tǒng)測(cè)量方法功能更強(qiáng)大、更精確，為后期利用GPS技術(shù)進(jìn)行進(jìn)行隧道貫通平面控制測(cè)量提供幫助。
關(guān)鍵詞：GPS技術(shù)；公路工程；工程測(cè)量；控制網(wǎng)
中圖分類號(hào)：P228.4；U416；U459；TP274+.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1674-5124（2013）04-0031-05
Analysis and application of GPS-technology in highway engineering measurement
CAO Kang-jian
（Department of Remote Sensing and GIS Engineering，Sun Yat-sen University，Guangzhou 510275，China）
Abstract: Taking the establishment and measurement data of GPS control network for the highway construction of highway tunnel as an example， the authors discusses the new measuring method of tunnel through on the basis of GPS control theory and under the conditions of related technical specification. The tunnel GPS plane control network was measured， and the establishment and deployment of environmental control network in GPS measurements were introduced. The application methods and process of this technology for the plane control surveying in tunnel were carried out by analyzing GPS positioning and processing the accuracy of GPS data obtained by the Ashtech Solutions in the implementation process. When the observation mode was used， different point must be tested with different data of baseline， synchronous ring and asynchronous ring， and the algorithm of the constraint adjustment error was used to analyze and calculate. This method will be more powerful and precise in ease of use and accuracy than the traditional measurement method， and will be helpful for using GPS technology to through horizontal control survey for tunnel.
Key words: GPS technology； highway engineering； engineering measurement； control network
